SU-30在08年红旗演习中表现的视频及翻译

SU-30MKI，这些是第五代飞机，有矢量推力，鸭翼，所有俄国人造的先进武器，包括AMRAAMSKI （译者注：R77（AA12）的美国别名）主动雷达导弹，和拥有30英里射程的10D红外导弹（译者注：视频中是这麽说的，相信指的是R73 （AA11））。我没有透露任何保密信息，所有我讲的数据都可以在简氏防务周刊上找到。 。 。 。 。 。

在MountainHome基地与印度空军一起训练中，我们首先发现他们飞机上的图曼斯基抗损伤性能（译者注：航空发动机在工作时，常常可能有飞鸟、砂粒等外来物随高速气流吸入，衝击叶片造成损伤。这种外物衝击损伤被称为FOD : Foreign Object Damage）很脆弱，以至于印度空军要求隔一分钟才起飞一架。问题是在演习中有六十架飞机要起飞，这样一分钟才起飞一架是无法想像的。通过训练他们，把这个间隔缩短到了45秒，但是仍然是不可接受。解决办法是我们让他们先起飞，在基地上空盘旋等待大部队，反正他们飞机载油多。印度飞行员非常担心他们的俄国发动机，这些发动机不如美国人的发动机可靠。使印度人非常失望的是，如果他们的发动机坏了，必须送往俄国修理，并等待俄国人送台新的来。

youtube上有个很棒的视频，在视频的左右部分分别是一种SU30和一架F22，在飞行表演中做著同样的动作。 （译者注：相信指的是这个视频链接出处）在飞行表演中，他们可以做同样的动作。但是事实是，这些飞机的相同之处仅限于此。如果你把SU30同F15和F16比较，它确实要好一点。它有更好的雷达，更强的推力。都是如果同F22相比，则F22要比SU30好很多。

现在来谈机动。在印度的演习中（之前美军一个普通F15中队到印度参加了演习），印度派出了他们最好的飞行员，而F15中队中飞行员的水平则是参差不齐的，80%的飞行员都是菜鸟，结果F15飞行员可以说没有落败。但是印度人则说他们取得了更高的击落/损失交换比，这也是事实。

而这次在MountainHome基地，来的是一个普通的印度SU30中队，菜鸟和老手的比例是五五开，而且老手以前都是飞MIG 21 Bis的。 MIG 21 Bis是种很不错的飞机，它基于越战中MIG 21的设计，但是装上了以色列造的F16雷达，装备了主动雷达导弹，和以色列造的干扰器，后者使它可以几乎不被老旧的F15和F16的雷达探测到。以前在4477th中队的时候，我们就发现MIG 21可以在以110节的速度进入剪刀，机头于水平夹角达60度，从10000英尺爬到20000英尺，它是一种机动性很好的飞机，但是没有好的武器。现在它有了头盔瞄准的大离轴导弹R73，主动雷达导弹，优秀的雷达和乾扰器。这次来的那些印度老手以前都是飞这个MIG 21 Bis的，他们的空战技术不错。

在这次演习中，我们让普通飞行员上场，后来几个教官也玩了几次。令人惊奇的是，我们完胜。我们不是用无外挂的F15完胜，而是用带著4枚导弹和2个空的翼下油箱的F15完胜。而SU30则是除了翼尖ECM外没带外挂的。印度飞行员震惊了，而演习开始三天后，他们已经不想再进行1 vs 1战斗，要求练习点别的什麽。而在印度的那次演习中，印度飞行员只想做1 vs 1，因为那时他们总是赢。


让我们谈谈矢量推力。 F22上的矢量推力是二维的，可以改变的是推力的俯仰。 SU30上的尾喷是在一个V字行的结构上运动。 SU30的操作杆上有一个矢量推力的开关，在剪刀中，飞行员不是踩舵，而是打开这个开关，然后向右推杆，尾喷就会改变角度，使得飞机向右转。
这听起来很不错，而且推力也很大，但是这样会产生巨大的阻力，SU30是一个非常的大的飞机，所以在这个动作中，虽然SU30可以改变它的机头指向，但是它会损失高度。那我们怎样应对呢？我们在跟F22对抗中虽然总是输，但是我们发现了打败F22唯一的办法。当面对一个菜鸟F22飞行员的时候，他有可能犯这样一个错误。 F22在20000英尺可以取得28度每秒的持续角盘旋速率，而F15可以取得21度每秒的瞬时角盘旋速率和15-16度每秒的持续角盘旋速率。而菜鸟F22飞行员为了取得更高的瞬时角盘旋率（译者注：实际上是不需要的）而拉杆过猛而减速，然后悬著在天上。 （译者注：攻角太大会产生巨大的阻力，所以飞机几乎不能加速）而F15或是F16飞行员看到这个后，会立即向上爬升，进入垂直机动，因为他们知道悬在天上的F22是无法跟上这个爬升的，然后F15或F16可以再下来用机抱射击F22。这是他们唯一的机会。问题是，F15或F16完全没有机会可以离F22这麽近，因为F15或F16无法探测到F22,他们在接近F22之前就已经被击落了。而对付SU30的时候就没有这个问题，SU30是一个很大的飞机，雷达反射面也非常大。因为它的干扰器和闪避机动使得你不能在远距离干掉他，所以你们会进入视距作战。 SU30有22-23度每秒的持续角盘旋率，和F22相差很远，对于我们这些习惯了跟F22对抗的人来说，SU30实在是小菜一碟。当你看到SU30使用矢量推力后，你发现他在损失高度。他损失高度是如此之快，你都不用拉起，只需要收油门，拉杆，把他的脑浆钻出来（译者注：美军M61机抱的由于射速极高，听起来像电钻）。
第二部分

光看数据，SU30MKI有矢量推力，优秀的武器和其他的设备，看起来跟F22差不多，但实际上比F22差远了。我们非常高兴能发现这一点，我们在这次演习之前一直不知道这一点。但是我担心，国会听说后会说好极了，我们不需要买新的飞机了。但是这个观点是错误的。我们一起比他们强很多，而现在他们跟我们差不多，甚至还强一点点。我说他们还强一点点是因为当他们学会如何使用SU30MKI后，他们可以经常打败我们的F15和F16。现在他们会犯一些错误，但是他们迟早会学会避免犯这些错误。

法国人本来打算派比较老的幻影2000-5来，但是他们听说印度人会带SU30MKI来后，他们决定派阵风来。在演习中90%的时间他们都躲在印度人后面，不管印度人是在攻击敌机或是被攻击，法国人远远地发射导弹就扭头走了，他们没有进入过视距格斗。包括我在内的参加过海湾战争及以后的多次行动的飞行员都知道，在这些行动中，法国人就在基地附近转悠，并声称他们在参与行动，但实际上他们在干的是打开所有的传感器，来了解美国人的雷达。在这次演习中，他们也是这样，他们观看了所有的战斗，用他们最新的传感器获得了所有电磁数据。

印度飞行员非常专业，执行规则非常严格。在演习中，他们没有飞到不该飞的区域，也一次也没有违反训练规则，而这是非常了不起的。这给我们留下了非常深刻的印象，我们非常感谢他们，因为他们是如此的专业。但是他们有一个问题就是他们击落了不少友军。原因之一是他们的飞机没有敌我识别能力，而只有他们没有这个能力。法国人和韩国人的飞机都有这个能力。韩国人飞的是刚出场的F15K,非常棒的飞机，有像F22上面那样的主动相控阵雷达，以色列人的瞄准和乾扰吊舱。韩国飞行员也非常专业，但是他们隻飞过50小时的F15,并且没飞过这些新的F15K，他们还在学习这些飞机。但是他们没有误伤友军，因为他们的飞机也联网了。法国人，韩国人和所有参加演习的美军单位都在datalink(数据链，飞机与飞机之间传递战场各种数据信息的机载计算机通讯系统)中。但是印度人的俄国飞机上的datalink与其他人的datalink不兼容，所以他们无法看到整个战场的情况，得不停地问预警机。在演习的前几天，他们遭受的有些损失就是因为发现目标后，向预警机询问敌我，而在等待预警机回答的时候，敌机已经开火了。然后他们改变了态度，宁可误伤也不愿自己受损，因此他们误伤了不少友军。

红旗演习本来是只有盟国参加的。印度人本来是应该参加在阿拉斯加的红旗演习，那裡的规则很不同，来参加的也不是我们的盟友而是想与我们保持友好的国家，而这些国家之间有的也有衝突。而印度人参加这裡的红旗演习，想成为我们的盟友，他们发现了这不大可能发生。
（接下来是提问与回答部分，译者注）
问题：SU30MKI上的主动相控阵雷达扮演了什麽样的角色？
回答：SU30MKI上的是相控阵雷达，不是主动相控阵雷达。 SU30MKI的雷达在判别找寻目标上有些技术的问题。

问题：有个将军（名字听不出来）说F15是美军最后的格斗战斗机，你怎麽看？
回答：F22是我们的下一代的格斗战斗机，因为电子乾扰的作用，在战争中，F22飞行员很可能发现他们带的导弹不够，以至于需要近距格斗，甚至用机抱击落对手。感谢上帝F22装备了机抱，而且它也是非常不错的格斗战斗机。而轻装的F16C Block50也是很不错的格斗战斗机。 F22,F15,F16都是不错的格斗战斗机，而且这样的格斗能力是很重要。像我之前提到的有著很小雷达反射面和强大干扰器的MIG 21 Bison就有能力接近到很近才被发现，因此视距内格斗是很可能发生的。

问题：F35的格斗能力怎样？
回答：我不想谈论这个问题。实际上我对这个飞机知之甚少。
====================================================
该美军军官对SU30MKI的评价高过很多红裤衩：格斗能力超过F15/F16，雷达和航电好过老式F15/F16（这里的理解可能会有歧义），电子干扰系统有能力让美军的导弹失效从而不得不进入格斗。

问题方面，印度飞行员经验不足（不是上次军演的30老飞），没有认识到TVC适量发动机的弱点，急于启动矢量状态造成能量损失，拱手将格斗优势让给美军，被美军点杀了不少次。另外他认为30的雷达虽然也是相控阵，但目标捕获能力不行。此外，30的发动机防异物能力不行，每个起飞架次间要间隔1分钟，影响效率。

法国人也派阵风参加了军演，但该军官认为法国人十分狡猾，总是紧跟在30旁边收集资料，然后自己送死了事，不认真参演。

该人也评了F22。

这里是有心人的笔录：

You have lot of questions on the Su-30MKI - big aircraft, huge aircraft etc.

(Some bits about an F-22 and Su30 composite video on youtube and how both appear identical but this is only for airshows etc)

Coming to aircraft capabilities, the Sukhoi 30 with its avionics, radar , weapons compares well with our legacy fighters, the F-15 and F-16. The Sukhoi is a tad bit better (holds arm at chest level, and the other arm signifying the Sukhoi a wee bit higher). But now compare with the F-225 raptor, the raptor is here. (holds palm way above his head - signifying that the aircraft is much better).

The Sukhoi engines (i believe he called them Tumansky? ) are very vulnerable to FOD. The Indians asked for a 1 minute spacing between take offs - with nearly 50-60 aircraft supposed to take off in a ___ who will wait one minute between each take off to launch these six aircraft, c'mon, you can go elsewhere.. but what we did was launch their aircraft ahead, since they had enough gas fuel, they would go and wait / orbit ahead and the rest would join up.

The engines were particularly ... what would happen is that the FOD damaged engines would have to be flown to russia for overhaul and the Indians sitting all the way here, it wasnt particulary...

Now coming to the aircombat. You know the story of Cope India and how our F-15s went there for the exercise at the Indian Nellis. Our aircraft were a regular unit while they had the most experienced pilots on the Sukhoi-30s there. ours were a mix of 80-20 - 80 percent with low experience, less than 500 hours on the F-15, the remaining 20 were fairly experienced but they came back from a staff appointment but they had experience. The Indian pilots came from MiG-21 Bison units. the MiG-21 bison, as you know is based on the Mig from the Vietnam war era, but upgraded with an Israeli radar, Israeli jammer, active homing missile etc. the small RCS of the MiG-21 with the Israeli jammer would make them invisible to radar... mean they could close in on our legacy fighters and engage in aircombat.

anyway at Cope India, we held our own, but the Indians went to town thumping their chests - they said we shot them down more times than they shot us down - which was true.

Now here at Red Flag, the Sukhoi unit that they sent was a regular operational unit - had a mix of 50-50 (experienced and inexperienced). They had come off MiG-21s and worked... Well what happened was after the first two to three days of operations, you know exchanging patches and all, we went up in 1 vs 1 combat.

The Sukhoi has thrust vectoring engines. the pilot has to engage a swtich on the stick to engage the TVc nozzles on the engine. We had enough experience with the F-22. which has up/down TVC nozzles. What would happen is that the in a merge with the F-22, you would be pulling in scissor fight hoping you would get the F-22 in your sights (laughs ). The F22 can sustain a turn rate of 26-28 deg per second while the F-15 can get an instantaneous rate of 22 and a sustained rate of 16-17. So you are pulling and hoping.

Now from our experience, the only way you would get the F-22. and the only way - this happens only if there is an inexperienced pilot because the experienced ones never make the mistake. is that he wants more than 26-28 sustained turn rate and pulls tighter. the TVC pushes the aircraft into post stall and the ass end drops. the aircraft then instead of turning goes vertical. This is where the F-15 pilot would pull up vertical, switch to guns, then come down and take a shot at the F-22. Of course you have to first get in close to do this. most probably the F-22 will kill you before that.

the Sukhoi has TVC in a V (hand gesture) . This was with an F-15 in regular configuration, missiles under wings , drop tanks with fuel in them. The Sukhoi was clean with the exception of one wing station which ahd the ACMI pod. So in the mege, with all the frantic manuevering in trying to merge. The sukhoi can do 22 deg in a sustained turn rate. The TVC would kick in and push the aircraft in this direction when the pilot engages the switch on the stick. All this is formidable on paper but what you would know is that with the TVC kicking in, its a huge aircraft, and thrusting such a huge aircraft in that direction creates a lot of drag. So in the fight the aircraft would go into a post stall TVC maneuver, the ass end drops and instead of going up, it just drops in mid air. The F-15 wouldn't even have to pull up. slight pull up on the stick, engage guns, come down and drill his brains out.

The Indians were astonished. We were amazed. After three to four days of `1vs1, they said, okay we had enough of this lets get back to the regular operations. While at Cope India , all the Indians wanted to do was just 1 vs 1 (laughs!)

Part 2

One thing about the IAF - they were a professional lot and they were very strict about the rules of the flying area. during their stay they made zero mistakes -/ errors about the flying area and that was incredible. we had other expectations but they were quite good.

The french usually came with Mirage 2000 dash 6, but the moment they knew the Indians were getting the Sukhois they decided to send the Rafales. their latest, advanced...

Now what the french would do, they would fly many missions with the Indians, the IAF would lead would shoot or get shot, then the french would shoot (implying from a distance) and turn back. They were just listening around, soaking up all the electronic traffic and ... (Snooping around in short) (talks about coalition setting up air cover, french would just send a patrol up, listen in , snoope in and then also say - "we participated as well"

The Koreans bought in their brand new F-15Ks. beautiful aircraft, with AESA radar and all. but they had less than 50 hours on it (this type and these were straight from the factory had zero hours on them) and they were still learning the aircraft. so it did not have any significant impact.
The IAF was also very serious about another thing. They killed a lot of friendlies. You know what was happening is that they didn't have the datalink with the Awacs Big internet data links. Russian made data links no computer link - the Koreans, the French and us could see the complete picture on the HUD, but the IAF had to ask the AWACS. they would ask about a target ahead, "Contact on my nose 22 miles, friendly or hostile?" Awacs would say "No hostile within 40 miles of you" then "Fox2." (laughs/audience laughs) The first two days they got hit bad, they were getting shot down while waiting for answers so they decided to kill the other guy fast without knowing.. better you die than me. But they took the fratricides very seriously.

Something about the French and "God Forbd we have to (fight with them)"

Red Flag Alaska (PACOM??): This is different from Red Flag Nellis. This where we exercise for friendship building. Most countries that fly there are in a conflict with each other. While in Red Flag Nellis we usually fly with coaltions partners. The Indians really wanted to participate in Red Flag Nellis.


Some comments on the Bison followed

There was a question of PESA and AESA. he clarified something on that.
FIRST QUESTION: "What do you think about the Su-30's Radar range?" Answer: It's a PESA not an AESA. Not active but passive. PESA is good but ends up having more technical problems finding the bad guy