Dedicated Initial Operational Test And Evaluation At Edwards
从事F/A-22初期作战专项测试与评估的飞行员
初期作战专项测试与评估在爱德华兹空军基地进行
Eight handpicked pilots and approximately 100 experienced maintainers and engineers of Detachment 6 at Edwards AFB, California, will put the F/A-22 through its paces later this year in a progression of tests called Dedicated Initial Operational Test and Evaluation, or DIOT&E. The tests will ascertain the operational suitability and effectiveness of the Air Force’s latest fighter and produce a final report on the Raptor for the US Secretary of Defense.
加利福尼亚州爱德华兹空军基地第6特遣队的八名经过精心挑选的飞行员和将近100名经验丰富的维护人员与工程人员将投入到今年（译注：2003年）晚些时候F/A-22初期作战专项测试与评估（简称 DIOT&E）的工作中。这项测试将确定空军最新型战斗机作战适用性和有效性，并形成一份上报国防部长的关于“猛禽”的报告。
Code One editor Eric Hehs visited with two of the pilots chosen to conduct these tests. Lt. Col. Art McGettrick and Maj. David Krumm, both veteran F-15C pilots and Fighter Weapons School graduates, have completed several operational assignments in the Eagle.
《Code One》杂志的编辑埃里克·赫斯对两名被选中参加此次测试行动的飞行员进行了采访。阿特·麦格崔克中校和大卫·克拉姆少校都是经验丰富的F-15C飞行员,同时也都是战斗机武器学校的毕业生，他们曾经驾驶“鹰”式战斗机参加过多次作战行动。
McGettrick is the operations officer for the group. His previous assignments include a stint at Air Combat Command headquarters where he helped develop F/A-22 requirements and tactics. He gained operational test experience with the 422nd Test and Evaluation Squadron at Nellis AFB, Nevada. Krumm is the assistant operations officer. He previously flew at Kadena and Mountain Home AFB operationally and acquired operational test experience at the 85th Test and Evaluation Squadron at Eglin AFB, Florida. Both pilots have more than 2,000 hours in the F-15.
麦格崔克是这个小组的行动指挥官。在此之前他曾在空战司令部执行过一段时间的任务，帮助拟定F/A-22的任务需求和战术。他曾在位于内华达州的内尔尼斯空军基地的第422试飞评估中队从事试飞工作。克拉姆是行动指挥官助理。他曾经在嘉手纳和霍姆山空军基地服役飞行过，并且在佛罗里达州恩格林空军基地的第85试飞评估中队从事过试飞工作。这两名飞行员在F-15上的飞行时数都超过2,000小时。
What were your initial impressions of the F/A-22?
你们对F/A-22的第一印象如何？
Krumm: As of 27 May, I have six hours in the F/A-22. I started flying the airplane in March 2003. The jet flies wonderfully. The airplane has tremendous handling qualities. The way the nose moves is amazing. The airplane rolls and performs great at extremely high angles of attack. The Raptor’s advantages over an F-15 are remarkable. It flies better than anything I have ever flown or flown against.
克拉姆：从5月27号算起，我在F/A-22在已经飞了6个小时了。我是从2003年的三月开始飞这架飞机的。这架飞机飞起来真是太棒了。这架飞机有着极佳的飞行操纵品质。机头的指向能力令人惊异。这架飞机可以在极大迎角状态下横滚并表现优异。相比于F-15，猛禽的优势是相当突出的。它比我飞过的或者是我对抗过的所有飞机飞的都要好。
McGettrick: As of 27 May, I have forty hours in the F/A-22. I flew it for the first time in January 2003. I’m impressed by its power. The engines are unbelievably powerful. I’m also impressed by its stealth, which provides the jet with an amazing advantage over any adversary. While the Raptor is a big airplane, it is extremely nimble and powerful. It is unlike any other fighter.
麦格崔克：截止到5月27日，我在F/A-22上已经飞了40个小时了。我第一次飞它的时间是在2003年的1月。我对它的推力印象深刻。它的发动机强大的令人难以相信。我对它的隐身能力同样印象深刻，这使得这架飞机在面对任何对手时具有令人惊喜的优势。尽管猛禽是一架大飞机，它还是相当的敏捷和强悍。它和任何一种其它的战斗机都不一样。
How were the DIOT&E pilots selected?
从事初期作战专项测试与评估的飞行员是如何选拔的？
McGettrick: An official Air Force board chaired by the commander of Air Combat Command with all the two-star MAJCOM directors of operations made the selections. Pilots submitted letters of recommendation, dream sheets, and all the sorts of things we normally submit for a review board. The board went through the applications and chose the best ones. All of the DIOT&E pilots are graduates of the Weapons School. Most are F-15C pilots, though we have one F-16 and one F-15E pilot. Our detachment commander is an F-16 pilot. The operational test pilots at Nellis, on the other hand, are a more balanced mix of F-16, F-15C, and F-15E pilots because they will be testing the air-to-ground capabilities of the Raptor.
麦格崔克：有一个由空战司令部司令官及都是具有两颗星少将衔的主管将官组成的空军官方委员会负责选拔工作。飞行员们向这个委员会提交推荐信、期望岗位以及所有诸如此类的材料，就和日常向其它评审委员会提交材料那样。委员会将审核这些申请材料并选择最好的那些人。所有从事初期作战专项测试与评估的飞行员都毕业于战斗机武器学校。他们当中大部分是F-15C的飞行员，但我们也有一名F-16的飞行员和一名F-15E的飞行员。我们的特遣队的队长就是一名F-16飞行员。另外，在内尔尼斯空军基地从事作战试飞的飞行员里，F-16、F-15C、以及F-15E的飞行员数量就要相对平衡的多，因为他们将要测试猛禽的空对地能力。
Explain the difference between developmental and operational testing and DIOT&E.
请解释一下研制试飞、作战试飞和初期作战专项测试与评估的不同之处。
Krumm: Developmental test takes an airplane or a system in its infancy and makes sure it works and meets its basic specifications. Developmental test makes sure a system satisfies its contract requirements. In operational test, we make sure the system meets the operational specs. Operational testers release the system to the field and explain to operators how it works. They also recommend tactics for employing the system.
克拉姆：研制试飞是要让一架飞机或者说是一个系统诞生出来并且保证它能够运作、满足其各项设计指标。研制试飞的目标是保证一个系统能够达到它的合同需求。对于作战试飞，我们要保证这个系统能够达到作战要求。作战试飞员把这个系统带到战场环境中并向它的使用者们解释如何使用它。他们还要就使用这个系统提供战术方面的建议。
McGettrick: For DIOT&E, we employ tactics developed by Air Combat Command for the F/A-22. We are not developing tactics. The operational test squadron at Nellis develops tactics. They will also train the initial group of pilots that form the first training F/A-22 squadron at Tyndall AFB, Florida. The Nellis squadron also does the follow-on operational testing and develops tactics. Detachment 6 here at Edwards is taking an early look at how the airplane performs in an operational environment. We will evaluate the airplane for about twelve months and write a final report for the Office of the Secretary of Defense. They will make a high-rate production decision based on that report.
麦格崔克：对于初期作战专项测试与评估来说，我们只是运用由空战司令部为F/A-22拟定的战术。我们本身不参与战术研制。内尔尼斯空军基地的作战试飞中队负责战术的制定。他们还要负责训练佛罗里达州廷德尔空军基地首个F/A-22训练中队的种子飞行员。内尔尼斯空军基地的作战试飞中队还要负责后续的作战试飞和战术制定。爱德华兹空军基地的第6特遣队正在为这架飞机在作战环境下的表现提供一个早期预览。我们将用大约12个月的时间对这架飞机进行评估，然后形成一个总结报告提交给国防部长办公室。他们将基于这个报告决定飞机生产数额的上限。
How are DIOT&E pilots trained?
从事初期作战专项测试与评估的飞行员是如何进行训练的？
McGettrick: We complete two months of academics and simulators. Then, fourteen training sorties take the pilots through a graduation mission—a two-versus-two mission. The first three flights involve aircraft qualification and instrument check rides. Basically, we make sure a pilot can fly and land the airplane in these initial flights. We then proceed to an advanced handling mission, where we perform aggressive maneuvers to experience how the airplane feels and handles. After that, we perform basic fighter maneuvers and other missions of increasing difficulty, from one-versus-one to two-versus-one and two-versus-two. After these initial fourteen flights, we fly a set of test preparation flights. This preparation is similar to training required for pilots who are new to the F-16 or F-15. The rides are a sampling of each of the different kinds of missions, that is, defensive and offensive missions where we are either protecting our forces or attacking a simulated enemy. Overall, DIOT&E pilots fly about thirty times before the actual DIOT&E tests begin.
麦格崔克：我们先进行为期两个月的理论学习和模拟器训练。然后，通过14个训练架次的飞行让飞行员们最终通过一个考试任务——一个2对2的空战任务。头三个架次的飞行包括熟悉飞机品质和设备的体验内容。基本上，我们可以保证一名飞行员在这个初始阶段能够操纵这架飞机起飞和降落。接着我们安排了一些高级的操纵任务，进行进攻机动来熟悉这架飞机的飞行感觉和操作。在这之后，我们就展开基本的战斗机飞行动作以及其它一些难度越来越大的任务，从1对1格斗到2对1、2对2的格斗。经过开始阶段这14个架次的飞行之后，我们就飞一系列试飞准备动作。这些准备动作和对那些F-16、F-15新飞行员的训练要求类似。这些飞行本身是针对一系列不同类型的任务进行采样，换句话说，也就是为保护我们的友军而履行防御任务，为进攻一个模拟的敌人而展开攻击任务。总的来说，从事初期作战专项测试与评估的飞行员们在真正从事试飞之前要飞行大约30个架次。
Krumm: The first few pilots who learn to fly the Raptor at Nellis and Tyndall will use the same pilot training syllabus we used here for DIOT&E. We’re starting with highly experienced pilots. Tyndall will use a different syllabus for later pilots. Eventually, Tyndall instructors will teach young lieutenants—pilots who have never flown a fighter before. That training requires more rides and more academics. They have to teach these new pilots not only about the jet but also basic fighter employment. Transition training, that is training for experienced pilots transitioning to the Raptor, is closer to the course we have developed here.
克拉姆：最初在内尔尼斯和廷德尔空军基地学习如何驾驶猛禽的少数飞行员将使用和我们这里训练试飞员一样的飞行员训练大纲。我们的大纲针对的是飞行经验极为丰富的飞行员。廷德尔空军基地将为后来的飞行员准备一份不同的训练大纲。最终，廷德尔空军基地的教官们将要面对的是一些从来没有飞过战斗机的年青尉官飞行学员。这样的训练就需要更多的架次和更多的理论学习。他们不得不在教这些新飞行员们如何飞这架飞机的同时也教他们基本的战斗机运用。改型训练，也就是训练有经验的飞行员改飞猛禽，就和我们在这里摸索出来的训练课程很类似了。
What are the various functions and responsibilities of the eight DIOT&E pilots?
八名从事初期作战专项测试与评估的飞行员是如何进行分工、负责的？
Krumm: We are interchangeable in terms of basic flying during the tests. Any pilot can fly any portion of the tests. Of course, we do more than fly. Each pilot has specific duties and titles. One is in charge of training and safety. Another is in charge of standards and evaluation, which pertains to our check rides. I’m in charge of ensuring that the test runs correctly. I make sure we adhere to all the requirements for the test.
克拉姆：在试飞期间我们逐一交换基本飞行内容。任何一个飞行员都可以飞试飞内容的任何一个部分。当然，除了飞行之外我们还有其它的事情需要完成。每个飞行员都有特殊的职责和头衔。比如一个人主管训练和安全。另一个人主管标准和改进，使其促进我们的试飞工作。我负责确保整个试飞过程运转正常。我要保证我们的工作满足试飞的要求。
McGettrick: We all will have the same level of training. Each pilot will become an expert in a specific area. We have assigned people to particular systems: One to the radar. One to electronic warfare. Another to the communication, navigation, and identification suite. The system specialists learn about the systems from the system engineers. They try to understand their assigned system from a tactical perspective. They feed what they learn from these experts and from the testing into other parts of the Air Force, including the Weapons School.
麦格崔克：我们当中的每一个人都有着相同的训练水平。每个飞行员都会成为某个特殊领域当中的专家。我们为每个系统都安排了特定的人员：一个人负责雷达，一个人负责电子战设备，其它的人负责通讯，导航，还有识别装置。这些指定的人员从系统工程师那里学习系统的相关知识。他们将从战术的角度出发努力掌握分配给他们的系统。他们将他们从这些专家以及试飞过程中学到的一切反馈给空军的其它部门，包括战斗机武器学校。
What sort of questions are you getting from your fellow fighter pilots?
你们的飞行员同事向你们提出过哪些种类的问题？
Krumm: I’m getting a lot of basic questions. They want to know how the Raptor flies. Most of my buddies know about the basic aircraft and how it should work. They want to know if it is working as advertised. I describe my flight experience and explain that the jet is maturing rapidly. Its progress in the last two years is amazing.
克拉姆：我收到了一大堆很基础的问题。他们想知道猛禽是如何飞行的。我的伙伴当中绝大多数都知道飞机的基础知识和飞机是如何工作的。他们想知道的是它是不是和广告中那样神奇。我向他们描述了我的飞行体验，也讲了这架飞机正在飞快地成熟。这两年来它的进步令人惊讶。
McGettrick: When they ask how the training and tests are going, I try to explain the many challenges with moving a new major weapons system into operational testing.
麦格崔克：当他们问起训练和试飞工作进行的怎么样了时，我就会努力向他们解释为一架新的主战机型进行作战试飞时所要面对的许多挑战。
Where will the DIOT&E testing take place?
初期作战专项测试与评估将在哪里进行？
Krumm: All of the DIOT&E testing will be done from Edwards. It’s unusual for an operational test to be located at Edwards. They normally take place at Nellis or Eglin. It made sense to base the initial test here because Edwards has the infrastructure needed to support the F/A-22. Operational testing will migrate to Nellis as they get more airplanes and personnel. Most likely, some of the DIOT&E pilots here will augment the F/A-22 operations at Nellis, Tyndall, and Langley AFB in Virginia, which will be the first operational F/A-22 base. DIOT&E pilots will have the most experience in the combat air forces with the F/A-22 when this testing is over.
克拉姆：所有的初期作战专项测试与评估都将回绕爱德华兹空军基地进行。将作战试飞安排在爱德华兹空军基地进行与往常有点不同。此前这些作战试飞通常都是在内尔尼斯空军基地和恩格林空军基地。之所以将初期试飞安排在这里是因为爱德华兹空军基地拥有维护F/A-22所需要的基础设施。在飞机和人员到位之后作战试飞将转移到内尔尼斯。有很大可能性的是，在这里从事初期作战专项测试与评估试飞的飞行员当中将有一部分人被充实到内尔尼斯、廷德尔、以及弗吉尼亚州的兰利等这些首批部署F/A-22的空军基地。当试飞结束之后，初期作战专项测试与评估的飞行员们将会是装备了F/A-22的空战部队当中最富有经验的飞行员。
McGettrick: When F/A-22 pilots at Nellis and Tyndall are going through their basic F/A-22 training, we will be on the ranges fighting a sky full of bad guys and a whole bunch of simulated surface-to-air missiles with our planned tactics. We’re going to come out of this testing with a lot of experience that other F/A-22 pilots won’t approach for a while.
麦格崔克：当内尔尼斯和廷德尔空军基地的F/A-22飞行员们还在进行F/A-22的基本训练时，我们就已经在一个充满敌机、充满模拟地对空导弹的天空里按我们的战术计划驰骋了。我们将要通过试飞获取大量的经验，而这也正是其它F/A-22飞行员们一时还无法做到的。
What is the relationship between operational and developmental testing at Edwards?
在爱德华兹空军基地进行的作战试飞与研制试飞之间有怎样的关联？
McGettrick: Air Combat Command personnel have been in the F/A-22 Combined Test Force almost since the beginning helping with the tests on the engineering side and the maintenance side. They give the developmental testing personnel an operational perspective. Personnel associated with developmental testing at Edwards are helping us with DIOT&E pilot training. Once DIOT&E starts, however, we will use our pilots, our maintainers, and our jets on our own out there on the ramp. By law, we can’t use contractor help during our evaluation unless it is specifically spelled out by Air Combat Command. Everything must be operationally representative.
麦格崔克：空战司令部的人员从一开始就加入到F/A-22的综合试飞部队从项目工程方和维护方的角度帮助推动试飞工作的进行。他们将作战角度的问题带给了研制试飞的人员。在爱德华兹空军基地里，从事研制试飞的有关人员正在帮助我们进行初期作战专项测试与评估飞行员的训练。但是，一旦初期作战专项测试与评估的工作展开，我们将使用我们的飞行员，我们的维护人员，以及我们的飞机来克服所有的困难。按照规定，我们不能在整个评估期间接受承包方的帮助，除非有来自空战司令部的特别授权。所有的一切都要按归规定运作。
Which F/A-22s are involved in DIOT&E?
哪几架F/A-22将参加初期作战专项测试与评估？
McGettrick: We are using two developmental test jets, Raptors 08 and 09, and two operational test airplanes, Raptors 10 and 11. Raptor 07 is a spare for the four-ship phase. Ships 08 and 09 stay at Edwards at the end of the testing. Ships 10 and 11 go to Nellis.
麦格崔克：我们使用两架研制试飞机，猛禽08号机和09号机，还有两架作战试飞机，猛禽10号机和11号机。猛禽07号机是上述四机试飞阶段的备份机。试飞结束之后08号机和09号机将被留在爱德华兹空军基地。10号机和11号机将被派往内尔尼斯空军基地。
Krumm: The jets have gone through dozens of modifications to ensure they are operationally representative of what the field will fly. They have some minor differences, but nothing that affects performance. For example, the F/A-22s here have some panel and switch placement differences.
克拉姆：这些飞机已经进行了几十次的修改以确保它们能够像日后在战场上作战飞行的飞机那样工作。它们之间会有些许的差异，但这些差异绝不会影响到性能。举个例子，这里的F/A-22在一些控制面板和开关位置在布置上就存在差异。
Describe the DIOT&E test plan in terms of adversaries, test locations, and tactics.
请依次讲解一下初期作战专项测试与评估计划当中的对手、试飞地点以及战术。
Krumm: We used some assets from Edwards to fly chase early in the training. We bring in other units to fly as our adversaries as we progress. We use tankers from other locations as well as a lot of assets from Nellis. We will be flying on the Nellis ranges.
克拉姆：在训练过程中的初期我们使用了爱德华兹空军基地的一些资源来练习追击飞行。在项目开展过程当中我们会让一些其它部队的战机充当我们的敌人。我们会和使用来自内尔尼斯空军基地的众多资源一样使用从其它基地起飞的加油机。我们将来会飞到内尔尼斯空军基地附近。
McGettrick: We plan to use the Aggressor F-16s out of Nellis as our primary adversaries. They will augment their force with other units. We will protect B-2, F-117, and F-16 aircraft as part of our own strike packages. We may have AWACS, if available, and tankers. Other than the EA-6B Prowler, we don’t plan to use assets from other branches of the military or from other air forces.
麦格崔克：我们计划把从内尔尼斯空军基地起飞的F-16做为我们的主要对手。他们将和其它部队的战机一起组成模拟的敌军。我们要保护B-2、F-117、以及F-16等飞机组成的我方攻击机群。如果可能的话，我们会有“望楼”预警机，还有加油机。至于说到像EA-6B“徘徊者”电子战机，我们并没有这样的调用其它军种的空中力量的计划。
Edwards has excellent airspace for developmental testing, but the base doesn’t have simulated threats or the hundred-plus miles of wide-open supersonic chaff and flare airspace that we really need to perform operational testing. We’ll use the same ranges Nellis uses for Red Flag exercises.
爱德华兹空军基地拥有进行研制试飞的极佳空域，但这个基地并没有模拟危机或者是数以百英里计的开放空间进行超音速飞行和干扰弹投放，而这些都是我们进行作战试飞所必须的条件。我们将使用内尔尼斯空军基地举行红旗演习时相同的空域进行这些试飞。
The testing involves a number of missions. We will fly against a variety of surface threats. At first, we’ll fly against a limited number of adversaries and then multiple adversaries. We’ll protect a B-2 and F-16s. We will defend an AWACS. We’ll attack high-value assets. We will conduct even more complex scenarios on the Air Combat Simulator in Marietta. The simulator reduces costs and provides more realistic threat scenarios.
这些作战试飞的内容包括大量的任务。我们会在各种各样的地面火力威胁下飞行，我们会与若干架敌机交手，然后敌机的数量会越来越多。我们要保护一架B-2和多加F-16。我们要守卫“望楼”预警机。我们会攻击高价值的目标。我们将展开一幅比位于玛丽艾塔市的空战模拟器所能展现的更为复杂的空战场景。那台模拟器减少了开支，并且提供了更为真实的危机场景。
The Chief of Staff of the Air Force has asked us to work the Global Strike concept of operations into the test. The concept shapes how the United States will fight future wars. That is, we kick down the door with stealth and other support assets. Once the door is down, we flow in legacy aircraft. We are going to practice that initial strike with the Raptors. We will take an F/A-22 with a B-2 and simulate going downtown in a hostile environment against a very high-threat laydown of both air-to-air and surface-to-air threats. We have to prove that we can take down the threats, hit the ground targets, and come back out.
空军的总参谋长曾经要求我们将全球攻击的概念引入到作战试飞当中。这一概念勾勒出了美国将如何进行未来战争的轮廓。换句话说，我们将在隐身及其它一些技术的保护下踢开敌人的大门。一旦大门打开，我们的旧型战机就会接着出动。我们打算使用猛禽来练习这最初阶段的攻击。我们将让一架F/A-22和一架B-2来模拟敌对状态当中在强大空空及地空火力严重威胁下进入城市上空的飞行。我们必须要保证我们能应对这样的威胁，击中地面目标，然后全身而退。
How does this operational testing differ from operational testing of previous USAF fighters?
这一次的作战试飞与美国空军此前的战斗机的作战试飞有什么不同么？
McGettrick: Our last operational test for a new fighter occurred about thirty years ago for the F-15 and F-16. Since then, the Air Force has learned a lot of lessons. The Eagle and Viper were evaluated in terms of effectiveness; that is, how fast does the airplane fly, how quickly can it turn, and how many bad guys can it kill. For the F/A-22, we are also evaluating suitability, which involves how effectively the airplane can be supported and maintained. We are determining how often an F/A-22 breaks and how many C-17s are needed to get an F/A-22 squadron to a war. We are grading suitability in these tests because suitability is just as important and it was designed into the airplane.
麦格崔克：我们最后一次对一架新的战斗机进行作战试飞大概是30年前在F-15和F-16战机上进行上。从时开始，空军学习到了很多经验。F-15和F-16的作战能力得到了逐项的评估；换句话说就是，这架飞机能飞多快，这架飞机的转弯能有多快，还有它能对付多少架的敌机。对F/A-22来说，我们还对它的适用性进行了评估，即包括它的保养与维护的效用如何。我们正在测定一个F/A-22多长时间后会出问题，以及要把一个F/A-22中队投入战争需要多少架的C-17运输机做为支援。我们正在通过这些测试来对F/A-22的适用性进行等级评估，因为适用性非常的重要，也是对这架飞机的设计要求。
Operational testers were involved a lot earlier on this program as well. Furthermore, we are evaluating the aircraft at the mission level. Earlier programs did not make a concerted effort to fly complex missions with multiple aircraft and aircraft types and then multiply the complexity by an order of magnitude in a high-fidelity simulator. We are going to fight a theater war in the Air Combat Simulator. That is a big difference. On the maintenance side, we are collecting all of the maintenance data and rolling it into a computer model to figure out how many people and C-17s are needed to support the F/A-22. This constructive simulation, as it is called, can help us calculate life-cycle costs.
作战试飞的试验人员在这个项目开始初期就参与其中了。说得更详细一点，我们正在从任务的层次对这架飞机展开评估。在项目初期并不会关注到这架飞机多架、多机种执行复杂任务的问题，这样会成倍地增加高仿真模拟器的计算量和复杂性。我们会在空战模拟器上展开一次战争危机的作战过程。这中间有很大的不同。从维护的方面来说，我们收集了所有的维护数据并将其输入计算机模型来计算需要多少人、多少架C-17运输机来支援F/A-22。这种创新的仿真技术，就如同它所被希望的那样，可以帮助我们计算整个生命期的费用。
The F/A-22 characteristics make operational testing more complex. The Raptor is the first stealthy multirole fighter. No one has built or tested an airplane like this before. The F/A-22 is a combination of F-15 Eagle with its air-to-air capability, a Rivet Joint and an AWACS with their advanced avionics, an F-16 with its air-to-ground capability, and an F-117 with its stealth. We are testing many aspects new to any fighter.
F/A-22的特性使得作战试飞更为复杂。猛禽首架具有隐身能力的多任务战斗机。此前没有人建造过或者是测试过这样的一架飞机。F/A-22是一架综合了F-15鹰式战斗机的空战能力、“铆钉”电子战机和“望楼”预警机的先进电子设备、F-16的空对地攻击能力、以及F-117的隐形能力的这样一种战机。我们在正从此前任何一架战斗机都没有考虑过的角度来对其进行测试。
How will DIOT&E testing affect the future of the F/A-22?
初期作战专项测试与评估对于F/A-22的未来有着怎样的影响？
Krumm: A lot of the things we discover will form the foundation of F/A-22 employment. When we apply tactics developed by ACC to the Raptor, we can tell what works and what doesn’t work operationally. Our final report may go to the Secretary of Defense, but we will also write advice for future pilots. We will explain how to capitalize on stealth, supercruise, and integrated avionics. Our output becomes the building block for the initial units. It’s exciting to be a part of that process.
克拉姆：我们所发现的许多事情将成为日后F/A-22使用说明的基础。当我们在猛禽身上运用由空战司令部研究出来的战术时，我们能指出在作战过程中那些是起作用的哪些是没有效果的。我们的最终报告将送到国防部长手上，但我们也还要为后来的飞行员写下建议。我们将解释如何用好隐身、超音速巡航以及综合航电系统。我们整理的结果将成为首批成建制部队的基石。能够参与其中真是一件令人激动的事情。
Every aircraft evolves over its lifespan. Today’s F-16, for example, is nothing like the original. It is much more capable. The Raptor will improve as it evolves. The airplane will get better as it incorporates new technologies. Pilots will fly it differently as it evolves, as it gets better software, weapons, and sensors. We are doing groundbreaking work, but operational testing doesn’t end here.
每一架战机的发展过程中都要经历这样一个阶段。比如今天的F-16，和它的原始型号相比就已经是脱胎换骨。其作战能力相比之下也要强的多。猛禽也正在经历这样的一个阶段。在新技术的帮助下这架飞机将变得更好。随着这个阶段的发展，随着它的软件、武器、还有传感器越来越好，飞行员飞这架飞机的感觉也会变得不一样。我们在做的只是破土而出的事情，真正的作战试验过程不会只是在这里结束。
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